FIT1047丨INTRO CSN&SEC

Week 1

Workshop W1

1. Convert numbers in different bases

• Multiplication method:

• Base 2 → Base 10

• Base 2 → Base 16

• Base 10 → Base 2 1. (as mush as possible). 2. 对于小数， (as much as possible) 3. 整数取余数，小数取整数

• Base 10 → Base 16 1. (as much as possible). 2. 对于小数， (as much as possible)

• Base 16 → Base 2

• Base 16 → Base 10

• Base 5 ⇒ Base 10 ⇒ Base 4

2. Represent negative numbers in binary form

• Unsigned binary notation: Only represent positive numbers

• Sign-magnitude notation: 1. MSB = Signed bit (0→ Positive; 1→ Negative) 2. Not suitable for mathematic computation.

• 1’s Complement notation: 1. Flip all bits to get negative numbers. 2. Extra step for mathematic computation.

• 2’s Complement notation: Negative: 1’s + 1

• ALL

3. Represent text using ASCII code

Applied W1

Week 3

Workshop

1. Von Neumann Architecture

2. Machine and Assembly Code

• What are the differences between machine code and assembly language?

MARIE – Instructions

Opcode

• Example

Registers

• 图例

• 注意，每个Register 拥有的bits 是不同的

3. Register Transfer Language (RTL)

• What is RTL

• 🌟Analyze RTL fetch-decode-execute using the following MARIE code:

• For example, Load A:

• PC: Hold the current ADDRESS of instruction 存当前instruction的地址

• MAR: 存储所存数据的地址或者从内存中取出数据的地址

4. Write simple assembly code programs using MARIE

MARIE.js | Home

Enter the file name you want to call this file, after select the Folder you want to save it in.

https://marie.js.org/

• CPU only understand the machine code

• CPU reads from TOP to BOTTOM 1. Our program MUST start in instruction 2. Define variables AFTER halt (Main program) 3. Main program MUST end with a halt

• CPU acc no idea the data fetched is an instruction or variable

Hardcoded Addresses → Label

• Here, A and B are labels of addresses of 004 and 005 Value of A = 004 Value of B = 005 Content of A = M[A] = 0001 Content of B = M[B] = 0002

Example of Marie

• Using MARIE.js, write a program to subtract 16 (DEC) from 30 (DEC) and subsequently add 1 (DEC). Store the result in memory and output the value on the MARIE output screen.

• Every value used MUST be defined, A, B, C, Ans

Example of Marie (using input)

• Using MARIE.js, write a program to output the addition of two decimal numbers which are input by the user.

• AC can only hold one input.

Example of Marie (Output)

• Using MARIE.js, write a program to output “FIT1047”.

• Define the ASCII characters with Hex or Dec

• Use the output mode UNICODE for a correct display.

 

Example of Marie (using clear)

• Using MARIE.js, write a program to output the positive and negative forms of a input decimal value.

Example of Marie (Jump & Skipcond)

• Using MARIE.js, write a program to input a decimal value. If the value if greater than zero, print “>0”, otherwise, print “<=0”.

• Define variables using ASCII

 

Week 5

Workshop

How does CPU access I/O devices?

• MMIO vs PMIO

When does CPU access I/O devices?

• Programmed vs Interrupt - Based I/O

DMA: Direct Memory Access

OS: Operating System